Slavery and The University

The below timeline details significant events and periods referenced in the institutional histories of The Citadel.  Also included are the years authors of these histories attended the school as cadets, and any further affiliation they had with the school as administrators or professors.  Also included are historical "firsts" regarding race and diversity at The Citadel.

1680-1780: Series of earthwork and tabby fortifications collectively known as the “Horn Work” built and occupied by militia, American, and British forces across the Charleston Neck, centered on what is now Marion Square.

1783: City of Charleston, SC is incorporated after Independence of the United States from the United Kingdom. Horn Work fortifications slowly demolished, and “Tobacco Inspection” buildings constructed on the site.

July 2, 1822: Denmark Vesey, also known as Telemarque, is executed in Charleston, SC for fomenting a Slave Revolt.

December 21^st, 1822: South Carolina law No. 2276 passed, establishing a Municipal Guard at “the land and buildings now used as a tobacco inspection” in what is now Marion Square, Charleston SC.

1832: Nullification Crisis; State of South Carolina attempts to “nullify” Federal Laws, especially related to Tariffs and international trade.

December 20^th, 1842: South Carolina Law No. 2866 passed, converting the Arsenal at Columbia and The Citadel into Military Schools.

1843: First Cadet class reports to The Citadel and Arsenal Academy. Washington Light Infantry, last militia unit to occupy the Citadel, transfers responsibility to the Corps of Cadets.

1845: Board of Visitors combine Citadel and Arsenal into one Academy.

1851: John P. Thomas Graduates from South Carolina Military Academy.

1861-1865: American Civil War

1865-1881: South Carolina Military Academy closed. Arsenal and Citadel occupied by Federal Troops as garrison.

1881: South Carolina Military Academy re-established, occupying only Citadel at Marion Square, Colonel John P. Thomas appointed Superintendent.

1881-1885: COL John P. Thomas Superintendent at the Citadel.

1878-1882: Oliver James Bond attends the Citadel as a Cadet.

1883: JP Thomas publishes The History of the South Carolina Military Academy.

1900: First Volume of The Sphinx, the Citadel’s Yearbook, published.

1900-present: The Sphinx published annually.

1903-1907: Class of 1907 attends Citadel.

1905: First Hispanic Cadets; Francisco Alba, Jose Alba, Abelardo Campa, Manuel Dirube, Eulogio Garcia, Carlos Labrada, Manuel Labrada, and Luis G Lynn attend the Citadel.  All are from Cuba

1906-1931: COL Oliver J. Bond Superintendent at The Citadel.

1911: First non-white Cadet, Cadet Wu Ting, attends The Citadel.

1914-1918: First World War

1915-1919: Class of 1919 Attends Citadel.

1919: Earliest available Guidon published, Known then as the Palmetto.

1919-present: Guidon published annually and issued to freshmen cadets.

1922: The Citadel changes campuses from Marrion Square to current location west of Hampton Park

1928: Lieutenant Chia-Mei Hu, Republic of China, becomes first Chinese graduate from the Citadel

1933: Oliver James Bond dies from heart attack.

1936: Oliver James Bond’s The Story of The Citadel published.

1939: Second World War begins

1941-1945: US involvement in Second World War

1963-1967: Pat Conroy attends The Citadel.

1964-1968: John Warley attends the Citadel.

1965: Class of 1907 publishes History of the Class of 1907.

1966: First black cadets, Charles Foster and Joseph Shine, attend Citadel.

1969: Class of 1919 publishes History of the Class of 1919.

1970: 2LT Charles Foster, United States Army, becomes first black graduate of the Citadel.

1971: 2^nd Lt. Joseph Shine, United States Airforce, becomes second black graduate of the Citadel.

1980: Pat Conroy, Class of 1967, writes Lords of Discipline, A fictional novel based on his experience as a white senior cadet during the first years of black cadets at The Citadel.

1990-1994: Andrew Macaulay attends the Citadel.

1994: Shannon Faulkner becomes first woman cadet to attend the Citadel.

1999: Nancy Mace becomes first woman cadet to graduate from the Citadel.

2007: Citadel Alumni Association publishes “Brief History of The Citadel” online.

2009: Alexander Macaulay publishes Marching in Step: Masculinity, Citizenship, and the Citadel in Post-World War II America.

2018: John Warley publishes Stand Forever, Yielding Never: The Citadel in the 21^st Century.