Recommended Databases
Databases that we subscribe to that have significant primary source material.
- Accessible Archives
1728-1900 (depending on source) - African American Studies Center
16th century-present - America's Historical Newspapers (1690-late 19th c.) 1690-1913
- American State Papers, 1789-1838 1789-1838
- ArchiveGrid varies depending on contributing institution
- CAMIO (Catalog of Art Museum Images Online) prehistory to contemporary
- Chicago Tribune Historical (1849-1985)1849-1985
- Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers (1836-1922)
- CQ Press Historical Documents (1972-2009)
- Early American Newspapers, Series I, 1690-18761690-1876
- Historical Abstracts 15th century forward
- LitFINDER
If you are prompted for a password when logging in off campus, please enter the word citadel (case-sensitive). - New York Times (Historical) (1851 - 2007)1851-2002
- Opposing Viewpoints in Context
1990-present - ProQuest Historical Newspapers
Search both Chicago Tribune (1849-1985) and New York Times (1851-2002) together - The South Carolina Digital Newspaper ProgramNineteen South Carolina newspapers published between 1860-1922. Freely accessible and full-text searchable
- The American Civil War: Letters and Diaries
- U.S. Congressional Serial Set, 1817-1980
- JSTOR
What is a Primary Source?
Primary Sources are used in a variety of disciplines, and the definition may vary depending on your course. Generally, a primary source is a first-hand account of an event, period, era, etc. However, for example, a newspaper article published in the 1860s describing a Civil War battle would qualify depending on your professor's requirements. It may also be an original source; a poem could be the primary source, whereas a critical analysis of the poem would be the secondary source.
How do I cite them?
Citing primary sources guide from the Library of Congress
When searching the library catalog for primary sources, you may want to use terms like "narrative(s)", "account", "personal", "diaries." Also, if you see a subject heading that looks like: "African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century -- Sources.", that can be a clue that the book will contain primary sources. When in doubt, ask yourself if it's an original account of something or if it's another's interpretation of that account.
Search our library catalog:
An image a day from the Lowcountry Digital Library
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The Citadel's Digital Collections
- Digital Collections @ The Citadel
- Lowcountry Digital LibrarySeveral local institutions including The Citadel contribute to this digital library.
Reputable Web Resources
Free, reputable online resources for primary sources
- 18th Connect
- American Memory (Library of Congress)
- Ancient History Sourcebook
- Avalon Project (Yale Law School)
- Civil War 150 - National Portrait Gallery
- Civil War Voices: Soldier Studies
- Documenting the American South
- EyeWitness to History
- Eyewitness: American Originals from the National Archives
- Foreign Relations of the United States
- Google Art Project
- Hanover Historical Texts Project (ancient to modern times)
- History Matters - Average American first person narratives
- Lowcountry Digital Library
- Making of America - Antebellum to Reconstruction
- Medieval History Sourcebook
- Modern History Sourcebook
- Movietone Newsreels
- NYPL Digital Gallery
- Open Vault - WGBH Media Library and Archives
- Primary Documents in American History
- Landmark U.S. Documents Organized by Era (Univ. of Houston)
- South Carolina Digital Library
- Southern Cultures--Center for the Study of the American South
- Teaching with Primary Documents (National Archives)
- The American Civil War Homepage (Univ. of Tennessee)
- The British Newspaper Archive
- The National Archives
- The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
- Voyages: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
- Women in World History
- Words and Deeds in American History
- World Digital Library
- World Images Kiosk
- Yale Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy

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